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電子萬能試驗機之韧性材料和脆性材料分析

作者：來源：发布日期： 2020.10.21

信息摘要：

電子萬能試驗機之韧性材料和脆性材料分析

電子萬能試驗機是用来分析材料的力学性能的基本设备，材料力学的基本性能包括强度，刚度，稳定性。这些性能都是可以通过電子萬能試驗機进行测量。通过试验机的测试数据可以对材料进行分类，有韧性材料和脆性材料。其中韧性材料有时候也称为塑性材料。下面跟大家谈谈韧性材料和脆性材料的不同点。
韌性材料往往是拉伸過程中産生一定的塑性變形，這部分變形是不可恢複的。其中根據有無明顯屈服強度又可以分爲有明顯屈服的韌性材料和無明顯屈服的韌性材料。有明顯屈服強度的材料的拉伸曲線如下圖所示，往往用上屈服強度或者下屈服強度表示。最爲典型的材料是低碳鋼。

有明顯屈服強度的曲線

無明顯屈服強度的韌性材料，往往其拉伸曲線不會出現屈服平台，而是一條光滑的曲線。編者最近測試了部分這樣的材料，如銅鍍錫鉛合金，銅鉛合金等。這種材料是一種常用的光伏材料，往往測試這種材料的並非屈服強度，而是規定塑性延伸強度Rp0.2，有時候也稱爲非比例延伸強度。是指應變達到引伸計標距0.2%時候對應的應力強度。

無明顯屈服強度的曲線

材料力學中常常規定斷後伸長率>5%的材料爲韌性材料，<5%的材料爲脆性材料，脆性材料發生斷裂時無明顯征兆，其變形量也很小。典型的材料有灰鑄鐵，脆性塑料等

脆性材料的曲線

三思泰捷電子萬能試驗機可以完美分析各类材料的力学性能，针对韧性材料强度，脆性材料刚度，拉力试验机可以得出相应的结果参数，以供用户选择。关注金屬强度的鋼鐵企业，钢管企业，新合金材料公司，关注非金屬的塑料企业，电气绝缘企业可以通过三思泰捷的拉力试验机得到理想的测试数据。

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